Study on clinical and molecular biological characteristics of infant acute leukemia
GU Longjun, MA Zhigui, DONG Shuo, et al.
(Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai 200092,China)
【Abstract】 Objective To study the clinical and molecular biological characteristics of infant acute leukemia (IAL). Methods R and/or G banding technique was used for analysis of karyotype. DNA blotting for HRX gene rearrangement, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) for fusion gene detection. Results Twenty cases of IAL were detected. HRX gene rearrangement was found in 10 cases, including HRX/AF-4 fusion gene in 5, HRX/AF-9 fusion in 2, and HRX/ENL fusion in 1, HRX self-fusion mediated by alu-repeat homologous recombination and HRX/EEN fusion each in one (HRX/EEN is a novel fusion gene reported for the first time). Conclusion High frequency of HRX gene rearrangement occured in IAL,which is characterised by a massive leukemia cell burden and 11q23 translocation, forming fusion genes, especially HRX/AF-4 (about 50%). The results are of important significance in guiding clinical treatment and approaching the etiology of IAL.
【Key word】 Leukemia; Infant; Chromosome; Gene,HRX
在婴儿急性白血病(IAL)中,涉及染色体11q23的易位和内缺失非常多见,在18个月以下的IAL中发生率可高达75%。进一步研究发现,染色体11q23上存在着一个与急性白血病(AL)发生相关的重要基因,它和果蝇的Trithorax(三胸)基因有较高的同源性,故命名为HRX(Homolog of Drosophila Trithorax)基因[1]。分子生物学研究提示11q23上几乎所有的断裂点都集中在HRX基因的一个狭窄区域内,和11q23发生易位的区域至少有10个,其中以4q21,9p22和19p13最为常见,分别形成t(4;11)(q21;q23),t(9;11)(p22;q23)和t(11;19)(q23;p13)[2],它们在IAL的病因学、临床表现及生物学特点方面起着重要作用,并形成IAL的分子生物学的
核型 DNA印迹 融合基因 转归 BamHⅠ EcoRⅠ SacⅠ 1 女 16 63.3 5/5 - M5 髓系 低二倍体 G R R AF-9/HRX CCR>70个月 2 男 16 156.0 6/8 + M2 髓系 无分裂象 R R R AF-8/HRX 发病2周成
绿色瘤,
死亡 3 女 16 12.1 5/4 - L1 R G G HRX/ENL CCR>34个月 4 男 18 3.8 6/8 - L1 AUL 46XY G R G AF-4/HRX CCR>34个月 5 女 5 78.4 5.5/5.5 - L1 AUL 无分裂象 R G G AF-4/HRX CCR 2个月
后复发死亡 6 女 22 113.5 4/2 - M3 髓系 47XX,+21 R G R HRX/EEN CCR>27个月 7 女 22 5.9 3/2.5 + M4 高二倍体 R R R HRX自身融合 放弃治疗,
死亡 8 男 20 24.3 5/3 - M5 髓系 无分裂象 G G G - 放弃治疗,
死亡 9 男 3 70.3 6/7 - M2 无分裂象 G G G - 放弃治疗,
死亡 10 女 9 20.3 5/4 - L2 AUL 低二倍体 G G G - 放弃治疗,
死亡 11 女 17 7.6 3/3 - L3 高二倍体 G G G - CCR>52个月 12 女 24 3.2 3/2 - L2 B-Ⅲ 低二倍体 G G G - CCR>44个月 13 男 20 19.2 1/0.5 - L1 B-Ⅱ 46XY G G G - CCR>27个月 14 女 13 56.8 6/4 - M2 髓系 G G G - 放弃治疗,
死亡 15 男 4 64.3 7/7 + L2 G G G - 放弃治疗,
死亡 16 男 9 32.8 4/5 - L2 放弃治疗,
死亡 17 女 9 167.0 7/8 - M5 髓系 无分裂象 R R G AF-4/HRX CCR>12个月 18 女 22 4.2 2/3 - L2 B-Ⅲ 生长不良 G G G CCR>11个月 19 男 13 21.7 3/3 - M5 髓系 生长不良 放弃治疗,
死亡 20 女 12 18.6 4/3.5 - M4 髓系 44XX 放弃治疗,
死亡 21 女 9 28.7 5/4 - M3 44XX 放弃治疗,
死亡 22 男 23 12.5 3/2 - M4 髓系 47XY,+22 R G R AF-4/HRX 放弃治疗,
死亡 23 女 3 68.7 4/5.5 + L1 B-Ⅳ 生长不良 R R R 放弃治疗,
死亡 24 男 17 24.7 5/4 - M6 髓系 44XY G G G AF-4/HRX 放弃治疗,
1,Raimondi SC, Peiper SC, Kitchingman GR, et al, Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with chromosomal breakpoints at 11q23. Blood, 1989,73:1627-1633.
2,Chen CS, Sorensen PHB, Domer PH, et al, Molecular rearrangements on chromosome 11q23 predominate in infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia and are associated with specific biologic variables and poor outcome. Blood, 1993,81:2368-2373.
5,So CW, Ma ZG, Price CM, et al. MLL self fusion mediated by Alu repeat homologous recombination and prognosis of AML-M4/M5 subtypes. Cancer Res, 1997,57:117-122.
6,So CW, Caldas C, Liu MM, et al. EEN encodes for a member of a new family of proteins containing an Src homology 3 domain and is the third gene located on chromosome 19p13 that fuses to MLL in human leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1997,94:2563-2568.